FACTBOX: Some Facts about CANCER Around the World

REUTERS on Tuesday, February 02, 2010, reported that forty percent of the 12 million people diagnosed with cancer each year could avert the killer disease with protection against infections and lifestyle changes, experts said Tuesday ahead of World Cancer Day on February 4.

The number of global cancer deaths is projected to increase by 45 percent from 2007 to 2030 (from 7.9 million to 11.5 million deaths), influenced in part by an increasing and aging global population.

Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide and the total number of cases globally is increasing, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).

European cancer experts issued a report last year warning that a wave of cancer now threatens developing countries, estimating that around half of the 12.4 million new cases in 2008 occurred in low and middle income countries.

Here are some facts about cancer:

* WHAT IS CANCER?

-- Cancer is a generic term for a large group of diseases that can affect any part of the body. Other terms used are malignant tumors and neoplasms.

-- A defining feature of cancer is the rapid creation of abnormal cells that grow beyond their usual boundaries, and which can then invade adjoining parts of the body and spread to other organs. This process is referred to as metastasis. Metastases are the major cause of death from cancer.

* KEY RISKS:

-- Some key risk factors for cancer that can be avoided include smoking -- responsible for 1.8 million cancer deaths per year (60 percent of these deaths occur in low- and middle-income countries).

-- Being overweight, obese or physically inactive -- together responsible for 274,000 cancer deaths annually.

-- Excessive alcohol intake -- responsible for 351,000 cancer deaths per year.

-- Sexually transmitted human papilloma virus (HPV) infection -- responsible for 235,000 cancer deaths per year.

Other cancer-causing infections include hepatitis C, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Epstein Barr, a herpes-type virus transmitted by saliva. Smoking, poor diet and some infections carry high cancer risks.

* KEY FACTS AND NUMBERS:

-- Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide: it accounted for 7.4 million deaths (around 13 percent of all deaths) in 2004.

-- Lung, stomach, liver, colon and breast cancer cause the most cancer deaths each year.

-- The most frequent types of cancer worldwide (in order of the number of global deaths) are:

Among men -- lung, stomach, liver, colorectal, esophagus and prostate.

Among women - breast, lung, stomach, colorectal and cervical.

-- Aging is another fundamental factor for the development of cancer. The incidence of cancer rises dramatically with age, with the overall risk accumulation combined with the tendency for cellular repair mechanisms to be less effective, as a person grows older.

-- The main types of cancer leading to overall cancer mortality each year are:

Lung (1.3 million deaths/year):

Stomach (803 000 deaths)

Colorectal (639 000 deaths)

Liver (610 000 deaths)

Breast (519 000 deaths).

Sources: Reuters/WHO

(Writing by David Cutler, London Editorial Reference Unit; editing by Kate Kelland)

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